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习题练习：Physics Unit13: Temperature and Kinetic Theory
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 作者: admin    总分: 86分  得分: _____________

答题人: 游客未登录  开始时间: 22年08月07日 11:04  切换到: 整卷模式

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1#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
State the zeroth law of thermodynamics.txsqj p im16:3
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2#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A bimetallic strip, consisting of metal G on the top and metals b -z4yap)kiv77,v:pyf 7 cnq0s4ra f H on the bottom, is rigidly attached to a wall at the left. (See Fig. 13-1.) The coefficient of linear thermal expansion for metal G is greater than that of metal H. If the st4asfav7,b-: y z77 v )pnrp4iqyc0ksfrip is uniformly heated, it will


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3#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the engine of y14m r wvqu:l 1ccsnf68our car heats up, the spark plug gap will

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4#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Consider a flat steel plate with a hole through its c1fxpl -szst.r e5 v*;fx-om go sfa9:0enter as shown in Fig. 13-2. When the plate's temperatu : ffofrv-s9txx0ma -;.sgso51 *ze lpre is increased, the hole will


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5#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The coefficient of linear expansion for aluminu9ww;cp+cr6 me fip-, mm is $1.8 \times 10^{-6} \; ^{\circ}C^{-1}$. What is its coefficient of volume expansion?

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6#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The surface water temper+kk/t)xqrkuy q0twvx 6 +cf q76/t9tuature on a large, deep lake is $3 \; ^{\circ}C$. A sensitive temperature probe is lowered several meters into the lake. What temperature will the probe record?

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7#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Which temperature scale never gives negative t4d1t4.fz ha8pm3 ih dwv5c4 tzemperatures?

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8#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Which two temperature changes ar tnw6i *bwu/3c*/ 2ncfk+ ptzoe equivalent?

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9#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The temperature in your classroom is approxva fhhur-nz8e( a 59-simately

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10#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
State Boyle's law.
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11#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
State Charles's law.-;io h7u4ljr 7iiud-(a*te of
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12#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
State Gay-Lassac's law9 e3( (dw)idy4r svvyv.
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13#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A container of an ideal gas at 1 atm is compressed to one-third its volume, with qir,(kn-ibge(w4e6 w the temperature held k-6e,4i(rq n(wgiwb e constant. What is its final pressure?

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14#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  If the pressure actini38s pufl -v*bg on an ideal gas at constant temperature is tripled, its v*8l bf- u3ivpsolume is

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15#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  According to the ideal gas Law, PV = constant for a given temperature. As a rezr*6 nn05ud, ba p-aq6awcj*2ffq+c+t8ob result, an increase in volume corresponds to a decrease in pressure. This happens beq+zb6unr+f6t 5wcp0d c-2fre,* aaao8qb j *n cause the molecules

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16#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The number of molecules in oxw8v qa- -5gew erhy9+li/mn+ne mole of a substance

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17#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A container holds N molecules of anigu,aoc mj0l um::73;ldz:le ideal gas at a given temperature. If the number of molecules in the container is increased to 2N with no change in temperature or volume, the pressure in:illd 3 au uml,joz 0me;:c:7g the container

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18#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Both the pressure and volume of a given sample of 5* slrt79 xfihan ideal gas double. This means that its temperature in Kelv59 r7sl f*hxitin must

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19#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The temperature of an)8 kuqma;gw30;cfjc z ideal gas increases from $2 \; ^{\circ}C$ to $4 \; ^{\circ}C$ while remaining at constant pressure. What happens to the volume of the gas?

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20#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A mole of diatomic oxygen molecules and a mole of :lpvpu 7reg.+diatomic nitrogen molecules atepp:v7g. l+ur STP have

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21#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Consider two equal volumes of gas at a given temperatur 86)mmdnnaern)lf2x; e and pressure. One gas, oxygen, has a molecular mass of 32. The other gas, nitrogen, has a molecular mass of 28. What is the ratio of the number of oxygen molecules to the number of nitxl ad);82n nn mmr)fe6rogen molecules?

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22#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The average molecular kinetic energy of a gas can be determined by knoww1rjoe*9o+h t ing only

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23#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A sample of an ideal gas is slowly compressed to one-h5woa k7 0 b.ukj*lsmt,alf its original volume with no change in temperature. lo0mua wkb j.s7k,5*t What happens to the average speed of the molecules in the sample?

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24#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A sample of an ideal gas is heated and its Kelfh f,gji8zmuf93 id))vin temperature doubles. What happens to the average speed of the molei8 f 9 ),dufjz)gmf3ihcules in the sample?

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25#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The absolute temperature of an ideal gas is directly proportional to which of.8troa2 qfh;p the followingf;poar2 qt.h8 ?

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26#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In order to double the av j5f;:d oae2tierage speed of the molecules in a given sample of gas, the temperaturd a25of;et i:je (measured in Kelvin) must

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27#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Oxygen molecules are 16 times more massive than hydrogen molecules. At a give4 ,6ryx4h qagn g4rm5ln temperature, the average molecular kinetic energyha,4l 6 rx544nmyqggr of oxygen, compared to hydrogen

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28#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Oxygen molecules are 16 times more massive than hydrogen 4cp 8ddp(3/zs ho.y tjmolecules. At a given tempdp/sjd3y8hcp(zo .4 terature, how do their average molecular speeds compare? The oxygen molecules are moving

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29#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A fixed container holds oxygen and helium gases at the same temperature. Which 55)i7 nkhwtwq )k tzj8one of the follo t)8j7nt55kwwzhk )iqwing statements is correct?

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30#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A container is filled with a mixture of +1ewvec eojs u/81/r ghelium and oxygen gases. A thermometer in the container indicates that the temperat1je/+wo 8evu/c 1sr geure is $22 \; ^{\circ}C$. Which gas molecules have the greater average kinetic energy?

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31#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A container is filled with a mixture of helium and ab27zc l:q5 oqoxygen gases. A thermometer in the container indicates that the temperature lobq2 5q:7azc is $22 \; ^{\circ}C$. Which gas molecules have the greater average speed?

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32#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The three phases of mat-d5 dhxw5g3x( 4o blopter can exist together in equilibrium at the

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33#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Supersaturation occurs in air when thi a)(:sr/gc 3ia6wfkwe

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34#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Express your body temperatuu)rd* cvzm3 t*re ($98.6 \; ^{\circ}F$) in Celsius degrees.

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35#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Express $68 \; ^{\circ}F$ in $^{\circ}C$.

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36#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Express $-40 \; ^{\circ}C$ in $^{\circ}F$.

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37#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The temperature changes from 35eF during9w cru8b ltwv: 6e+.eh the night to $75 \; ^{\circ}F$ during the day. What is the temperature change on the Celsius scale?

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38#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A temperature change of 3st3,:: dfeixjq7 ppq n3nc5 e$20 \; ^{\circ}C$ corresponds to a temperature change of

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39#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  At what temperature are the numerical readings on the Fahrenheit and Cel9t)l(jfk ctes 5om;3x ix* dqz85 c4bbsius scales the5*;obj3ck8)xdqxs9fm4et i (t5 lbc z same?

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40#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A steel bridge is 1000 m loi,so b 9s0,nb9qfrieij4 lm7+ah )s c;.uzur9ng at $-20 \; ^{\circ}C$ in winter. What is the change in length when the temperature rises to $40 \; ^{\circ}C$ in summer? (The average coefficient of linear expansion of steel is $11 \times 10^{-6} \; ^{\circ}C^{-1}$)

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41#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An aluminum rod 17.4 cm long 6 5j.nfx3nyv;h8 uls dat $20 \; ^{\circ}C$ is heated to $100 \; ^{\circ}C$. What is its new length? Aluminum has a linear expansion coefficient of $25 \times 10^{-6} \; ^{\circ}C^{-1}$.

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42#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  By how much will a slab of concrete 18 m long contract when thercs4a08zqa*bhc * wh- temperature dropsbzcr 8wha** 4hsq0ac- from $24 \; ^{\circ}C$ to -$16 \; ^{\circ}C$? (The coefficient of linear thermal expansion for concrete is $10^{-5} \; ^{\circ}C^{-1}$)

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43#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A bolt hole in a brass plate has a diameter of 1.22otqg 1s xm4izwy ,g.300 cm at $20 \; ^{\circ}C$. What is the diameter of the hole when the plate is heated to $220 \; ^{\circ}C$? (The coefficient of linear thermal expansion for brass is $19 \times 10^{-6} \; ^{\circ}C^{-1}$)

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44#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  20.00 cm of space is available. How boli 7z7 k1:natp,g9m6kvtm 4long a piece of brass at $20 \; ^{\circ}C$ can be put there and still fit at $200 ^{\circ}C$? Brass has a linear expansion coefficient of $19 \times 10^{-6} \; ^{\circ}C^{-1}$.

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45#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A 5.0-cm diameter steel shaft has 0.10 hoh+8jdw htsvrj 76++mm clearance all around its bushing at $20 \; ^{\circ}C$. If the bushing temperature remains constant, at what temperature will the shaft begin to bind? Steel has a linear expansion coefficient of $12 \times 10^{-6} \; ^{\circ}C^{-1}$.

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46#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  $400 \; cm^{3}$ of mercury at $0 \; ^{\circ}C$ will expand to what volume at $50 \; ^{\circ}C$? Mercury has a volume expansion coefficient of $180 \times 10^{-6} \; ^{\circ}C^{-1}$.

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47#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  1 L of water at $20 \; ^{\circ}C$ will occupy what volume at $80 \; ^{\circ}C$? Water has a volume expansion coefficient of $210 \times 10^{-6} \; ^{\circ}C^{-1}$.

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48#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The volume coefficient of thermal expansion for jw 4fq)q:e*9j)sdmen5n;9mado n0ca gasoline is $950 \times 10^{-6} \; ^{\circ}C^{-1}$. By how much does the volume of 1.0 L of gasoline change when the temperature rises from $20 \; ^{\circ}C$ to $40 \; ^{\circ}C$?

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49#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A 500-mL glass beaker of water is filled to the rim at a temperature o ddmm6( oifo43iqdjw an; 34+gf $0 \; ^{\circ}C$. How much water will overflow if the water is heated to a temperature of $95 \; ^{\circ}C$? (Ignore the expansion of the glass and the coefficient of volume expansion of water is $2.1 \times 10^{-4} \; ^{\circ}C^{-1}$.)

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50#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  For mercury to expand from m5qgq)vd tg lfw ;(j5($4.0 \; cm^{3}$ to $4.1 \; cm^{3}$, what change in temperature is necessary? Mercury has a volume expansion coefficient of $180 \times 10^{-6} \; ^{\circ}C^{-1}$.

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51#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A mercury thermometer has a 0*a lp:t+d cnphzg-9cbulb of volume 0.100 $cm^{3}$ at $10 ^{\circ}C$. The capillary tube above the bulb has a cross-sectional area of 0.012 $mm^{2}$. The volume thermal expansion coefficient of mercury is $1.8 \times 10^{-4} \; ^{\circ}C^{-1}$. How much will the mercury rise when the temperature rises by $30 \; ^{\circ}C$?

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52#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Convert $14 \; ^{\circ}C$ to $^{\circ}K$.

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53#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Convert $14 \; ^{\circ}F$ to $^{\circ}K$.

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54#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Convert $14 \; ^{\circ}K$ to $^{\circ}C$.

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55#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Convert $14 \; ^{\circ}K$ to $^{\circ}F$.

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56#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Oxygen condenses into a liquid at approximately 90 K. W9(yzd5 *ozfky*pq , njrp0 fb*hat temperature, in degrees Fahrenheit, doe0 dzjy(ryzpf 9*op k*5,fqbn*s this correspond to?

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57#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas occupies 300 L jzz,yl1+j 7.gq/zwgy at an absolute pressure of 400 kPa. Find the absolute pressure if the volume changes toj7g1j zgwz y+,.yql/z 850 L and the temperature remains constant.

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58#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Two liters of a perfect gas arevsc c3)g9gf;e (/6 my9wgmjjq at $0 \; ^{\circ}C$ and 1 atm. If the gas is nitrogen, $N_2$, determine the number of moles.

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59#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Two liters of a perfect gas are at ddtmga/ ua/t0 fcqzqe6r8:si6q 7q2* $0 \; ^{\circ}C$ and 1 atm. If the gas is nitrogen, $N_2$, determine the number of molecules.

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60#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Two liters of a perf b tw29cnbfe61he81ha ect gas are at $0 \; ^{\circ}C$ and 1 atm. If the gas is nitrogen, $N_2$, determine the mass of the gas.

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61#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  How many water molecules are there in 36 g of water? Express your answer npc:g13 kngibkqay59a7ea :4as a multiple of Avogadro's ng:9 qaapc 3kae:4i n5gybkn71 umber NA. (The molecular structure of a water molecule is $H_2 O$.)

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62#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  How many mol are there in 2.00 kg of copper? (The atomic weight of coppdlt-h(n5l ansy2 vg*;er is 63.5 and its specific gravity isd-a* l5 s2ntvlg;(hyn 8.90)

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63#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A sample of a diatomic 2.w,fnz gk,z pl7uym+ideal gas occupies 33.6 L under standard conditions. How many mol of gas are in the sample?,7 +2fnp,z. uwmygk lz

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64#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas has a pressure of 2.5 atm, a volume of 1.0 L at a temperature -tue*x xu609m3h xgpsof $30 \; ^{\circ}C$. How many molecules are there in the gas?

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65#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas in a container of volumd9egl hy)2xm9e $100 cm^{3}$ at $20 \; ^{\circ}C$ has a pressure of $100 \; N/m^2$. Determine the number of gas molecules in the container.

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66#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A sample of helium (He) occupfx bo.-0 uzrq8ies 44.8 L at STP. What is the mass of the sample?.bq 0r8fozu-x

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67#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A 25-L container holds hydrogentqby5uu - qn7: gas at a gauge pressure of 0.25 atm and a temperature o yu7-uqt5b:nq f $0 \; ^{\circ}C$. What mass of hydrogen is in this container?

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68#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A $100-cm^{3}$ container has 4 g of ideal gas in it at 250 kPa. If the volume is changed to $50 \; cm^{3}$ and the temperature remains constant, what is its new density?

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69#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas occupiesnulm 2;i:ew7 jt*xs +x $600 \; cm^{3}$ at $20 \; ^{\circ}C$. At what temperature will it occupy $1200 \; cm^{3}$ if the pressure remains constant?

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70#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A constant pressure gas ther 0/ijcehn-;jo mometer is initially at $28 \; ^{\circ}C$. If the volume of gas increases by 10%, what is the final Celsius temperature?

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71#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas occupies 4.0z 5tih(q hx uye:x+*p: L at $20 \; ^{\circ}C$. What volume will it occupy at $40 \; ^{\circ}C$ if the pressure remains constant?

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72#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A balloon has a volume o f*d3c 6ij3rrff $1.0 \; m^{3}$. As it rises in the Earth's atmosphere, its volume expands. What will be its new volume if its original temperature and pressure are $20 \; ^{\circ}C$ and 1.0 atm, and its final temperature and pressure are -$40 ^{\circ}C$ and 0.10 atm?

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73#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A given sample of carbonglx7hf/2gk )qw,z noz ,q5 oyjd61po; dioxide ($CO_2$) contains $3.01 \times 10^{23} \; molecules$ at STP. What volume does this sample occupy?

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74#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  $500 \; cm^{3}$ of ideal gas at $40 \; ^{\circ}C$ and 200 kPa (absolute) is compressed to $250 \; cm^{3}$ and cooled to $20 \; ^{\circ}C$

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75#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  $1500 \; cm^{3}$ of ideal gas at STP is cooled to -$20 \; ^{\circ}C$ and put into a $1000 \; cm^{3}$ container. What is the final gauge pressure?

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76#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas has a de2wwz9,d//wjahmk d1 ensity of $1.75 \; kg/m^{3}$ at a gauge pressure of 160 kPa. What must be the gauge pressure if a density of $1.0 \; kg/m^{3}$ is desired at the same temperature?

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77#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas has a volume ofzw8 /*r o/mu qpphj63i $0.20 \; m^{3}$, a temperature of $30 \; ^{\circ}C$, and a pressure of 1.0 atm. It is heated to $60 \; ^{\circ}C$ and compressed to a volume of $0.15 \; m^{3}$. What is the new pressure?

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78#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A mixture of gases contains 15 g of 2n8/i)9:8p fhbdmcu h4 9e ldah6.rlctim vo4$H_2$, 14 g of $N_2$, and 44 g of $CO_2$. The mixture is in a 40 L sealed container which is at $20 \; ^{\circ}C$. What is the pressure in the container?

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79#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What is the average separation between air moleejx(d16 x)fci cules at STP?

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80#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  At what temperature is the average kinetic energy of an atom in helium gas ecxla90r.2ig/q: iu-ys 3 swua qual ua y- :is0 3q/lgasci9xur2w. to $6.21 \times
10^{-21} \; J$?

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81#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  At what temperature would the rms speed o ld 7l*a5ppa*0ydnnk:f $H_2$ molecules equal 11,200 m/s (the Earth's escape speed)?

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82#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A cylinder contains 1 5,6zesqgrs5q6 g of helium gas at STP. How much energy is needed to raise the temperature 56ss zrqe,qg5of this gas to $20 \; ^{\circ}C$?

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83#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  If the temperature of a gas z*-usb -fslj; is increased from $20 \; ^{\circ}C$ to $40 \; ^{\circ}C$, by what factor does the speed of the molecules increase?

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84#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A molecule has a speed of 50 s1 -4jk6lx m ww9ax19kqd4sgjw 35whx0 m/s at $20 \; ^{\circ}C$. What is its speed at $80 \; ^{\circ}C$?

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85#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The molecular mass of oxygen molecules is 32, and the molecular mass of nitrog heh:q1jku3ym mkd-,vppu 7b;8 7 lj6een molecules is 28. If these two gases areejkp lkmh:h1m- ,b7dp q y7v83 u6eu;j at the same temperature, the ratio of nitrogen's rms speed to that of oxygen is .

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86#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The molecular mass of nitrogen i,mg q0r;z64kyxq f r3xs 14 times greater than that of hydrogen. If the molecules in these two gases have the same rms speed, the ratio of hydrogen's absolute temperature t63mk0r;fy rqx z,4gxq o that of nitrogen is .

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