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习题练习：Physics Unit15: Laws of Thermodynamics
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 作者: admin    总分: 71分  得分: _____________

答题人: 游客未登录  开始时间: 22年08月15日 12:53  切换到: 整卷模式

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1#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The process shown on the T-V l8-gn m 9pifi3dpaz88graph is an


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2#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isothermal process, tfosb 9 si en8s) (9+aijir7ed.here is no change in

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3#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law ofz0u65 cj3lub5pnnb,a thermodynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isothermal process,

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4#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is expanded to twice its original volume with no change in itsm ki0c3: 2ejjr temperature. This process i0krij2cj 3me: s

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5#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas is compressed isothermayt *t,t;l/8bp o5pngclly from 30 L to 20 L. During this process, 6.0 J of energy is expended by the external mechanism8bto/, ;lppt g*n5tyc that compressed the gas. What is the change of internal energy for this gas?

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6#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas is compressed to one-half its original volume during an isother:w,je14nn /pynau)h mmal p4m)n1ej,: ny pah /uwnrocess. The final pressure of the gas

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7#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas is expanded isothermally from 20 L to 30 L. During this 9l9gnrp+.8nl s xi h4tprocess, 6 J of energy is expended by the external mechanism that expanded the gas. Which of the following statements i4gsl rx8+nl pt9 9.inhs correct?

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8#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is quickly compressed in an isolated environment. During the event gk1jo ;jzikq.s7 ej*,, the gas exchanged no heat with its surroundings. This proc1k;,gjqj i*z .okj7seess is

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9#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of thermodynamics pw0qisbj2-yn3 1qc )u, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an adiabatic process,

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10#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A monatomic ideal gas is compressed to one-half itsm qx3 hwxd)+,lzz6d-i ; ,,y;qpjxpbg original volume during an adiabatic process. b3+ - iw,;j,gdz mhd)xx;q l ppqz,y6x The final pressure of the gas

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11#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Consider two cylinders of gas identical in all respects except thasi+t mmes 0091. jsdfezkjwp6b22,m ot one contains sb.1+mp2wofmtm 6izjje 9,ds2 0e sk0 $O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater temperature increase?

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12#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Consider two cylinders of gas identical in all r wy-qm- 6s+amw y.6nniespects except that one contains aqwyn -w-m sm.6n6y+i $O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater pressure increase?

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13#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The process shown on the PV diagram vjr qo:4r re-9is an


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14#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isobaric process, there i,fc(u 0fswf;d49ht*eku)ec v s no change in

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15#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of thermo/, 4iz,) u ycyazb,ahrdynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isobaric process,

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16#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is allowed to expand at constant pressure /y.zjnj6hl;2gv7cze; ozc- h as heat is added to it. This proce.c7 yjo vncz2 -jl z/eg;;hzh6ss is

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17#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Ten joules of heat energy are trans*:id3/owvd cm ns:0hvferred to a sample of ideal gas at constant pressure. As a results0:d:i*vw/v cm3nd ho , the internal energy of the gas

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18#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The process shown on the PVf i+;e, molr5j diagram is


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19#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isochoric process, thv mn)t-:v- i r(cip2rtere is no change in

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20#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of thermodynamic:o, 4zy (mbwoks, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isochoric process,

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21#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is confined toevghr4r +9x43e c ::tj8x98elean /zgl wesk2 a rigid container that cannot expand as heat energy is added to it. Th8a:+xjg t eexl9/sg zee wc k :hn9vl28r4r43eis process is

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22#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Ten joules of heat energy are transferred to a sampd pt66fv yoc;09zafnt.(rw(jle of ideal gas at constant volume. As a p(c ;d9r f6ftw6 ztny(av.o0jresult, the internal energy of the gas

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23#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
State the first law of thermor27n43 zvxphc 1nykg9d 7v0tbdynamics.
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24#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Is it possible to transfer heat from a hot reservoir to a cold reservosap4x yy0)-:ah ggp2k ir?

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25#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Is it possible to transfer heat fromqcv0),vsul ;m a cold reservoir to a hot reservoir?

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26#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
State the second law of thermodynamics according to Cl5oib.j c-hm *c0gqce5ausius.
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27#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is taken through the cycle illustrated here. During one cycle, how ppmns qji920 0;th)l9hmh 3zemuch work is done by an engine operating on this cycle 3;t qsm)ehh92 mn9ijp0zl p0h?


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28#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The efficiency of a m ) eh/d5e 4b5vu3vrglheat engine is defined as the ratio of

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29#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  If the theoretical efficiency of a Carnot engine is to be 100%, the heat sink a0z)abe9m; f n7h axzx5 (hr2kmustxa7a)h(zxn;rm90 e 5 fhkb2az be

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30#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A Carnot cycle consists of5p(a vnh yg0k1t1o,g z qjms/(

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31#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
Give the Kelvin-Planck statement of the second law of thermodyn oz0-5+oj jwkpamics.
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32#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The coefficient of performance (COP) of a refrigerator is defined as the r+s4gw mr+ms44lbx9bdr2dm r 7atio of+r2wd m gx9smbr4l m4s b7r4d+

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33#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The coefficient of performance (COP) of a heat pump is defi u/c.ud6ke.e x+e8oi1uboo.gned as the ratio of

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34#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When water freezes, the entropy of t:.e6(u 0c.b/deogo 3w.ij 1x7 kqgnciud s3i bhe water

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35#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  According to the second law of thermodynamics, for any process that m7 n(rd2vnreh .4xz (tgay occur within an isolated system, which one of the rh dntre7 .4 gz2n(v(xchoices applies?

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36#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
Give a general statement of the second law w. .jc+ur 9fzsr ekba:n6q*:pof thermodynamics.
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37#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The second law of th,9tc/xo c h6;tvb7xv :ln8hbbermodynamics leads us to conclude that

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38#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  During an isothermal process, 5.0 J of heat is removed from an ideal gas.bs1lk iiwb0eb9 :g oohim6;7, What is the change in internal eb1:w k967is,lbh;e iob iomg0nergy?

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39#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  During an isothermal process, 5.0 J of heat is removed from an ideay s008 qdupc(al gas. What is the work done in the procq su( pa80c0ydess?

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40#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The work done on an ideal s piu/edf+8qp0;3h toc*6bcugas system in an isothermal process is -400 J. What is the change in internal eneru6 cecuf o+sd*p/bq8;hi p30tgy?

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41#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  200 J of work is done in compressinfkad06,yz j 1wz t3)y 6jkum-*ro4o gog a gas adiabatically. What is the change in internal energo f ak m6-jy)tz 6y1ko*, o43djguzrw0y of the gas?

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42#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas undergoes an adiabatic procxj mep* bhflx -,n b450xwyru9co96n2ess while doing 25 J of work. What is the chan-* nu259mhynbwx r 9fx0x l4ce6bopj,ge in internal energy?

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43#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isochoric process, the ygb ,og*1ed o q k5ibz+5:os0jinternal energy of a system decreases by 50 J. What is t 5+o0 ggqojk,dy:bo*1sbi ez5he work done?

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44#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isochoric process, the internal energy of a system decreas8o,* cm )jy4 xybhd4vbes by 50 J. What iv8yy4bojc b )d,h4x*ms the heat exchange?

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45#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A certain amount of a monatomic gas is maintained atkuk gpi4rr 4:4s5tg,d constant volume as it is cooled by 50 K. This feat is accomplished by removing 400 J of energy from the gas. How much work is dodgkg4u tprs,r 4k4 i:5ne by the gas?

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46#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A monatomic gas is cooled by 50 K at constant volume when 831 J of 2mgtsr/ -k k)by4a0d kenergy is removed from it. How many moles of gas are in the sampyg kt/ms- 4a 02dk)kbrle?

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47#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A system consists of 3.w n4u4akn3kp8g+ n;qt 0 kg of water at $80 ^{\circ}C$. 30 J of work is done on the system by stirring with a paddle wheel, while 66 J of heat is removed. What is the change in internal energy of the system?

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48#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine receives 7000 J of heat and 7re:d,tp8ne4rh 1drp1/giy jloses 3000 J in each cycle. What is the epri8d 1/4jedy,7rnr te h1gp :fficiency?

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49#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine has an efficiency of 35.0% and receives 150 p.;de8 j jsc)pJ of heat per cycle. Hpds.pj; c8je)ow much work does it perform in each cycle?

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50#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine has an ef2 u:9 /ks+ /c5st+igqio biz:ur m,ckqficiency of 35.0% and receives 150 J of heat per cycle. Hu:ik5i,mg/+cz2uo tqs+qrbk is 9/:c ow much heat does it exhaust in each cycle?

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51#
 
  303

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52#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine absorbs 64 kcal of h ektn *i9d h,k;ibg;+neat each cycle and exhausts 42 kcal. Calculate the efbd;;i ,tnk i+neh g9k*ficiency of each cycle.

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53#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine absorbs 64 kcal of heat el8r7tds+cr 8 aach cycle and exhausts 42 kcal. Calculate the work done eac sl8 7tc+d8rarh cycle.

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54#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  One of the most efficient engines built so far has the following 0 ab zw4fad87td9. zwvcharacteristics: combustion chambt .0 4zdzw v7d9fwba8aer temperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the actual efficiency of this engine?

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55#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  One of the most efficient engines buil7;surjv m z0shz(qwy;q )8p.vt so far has the following characteristics: combustion chaq;rsuq.0j 8w7y(p;) vzmh vzsmber temperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the Carnot efficiency of this engine?

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56#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  One of the most efficient engines built smo 9:0r wp7vnn2v7 cxho far has the following characteristics: combustion chambv n9 x72rvwcn70ho:mper temperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the power output of this engine?

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57#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of elrq(0*d yrz8wg6ry( z1 /g6i2aol bjzjectric power. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the overall efficiency of the plant for generating electric power?

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58#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of electric power. The plantldq kx/47lxrvj+db 6c .( 2fem uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the Carnot efficiency?

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59#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A coal-fired plant generates 60w6hxy ;ok31j (un 8)w /iempou0 MW of electric power. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. How much thermal energy is exhausted each day?

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60#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What is the Carnot efficiency of an engine which.eoo:mnk mn 303b oc(q operates between $450 ^{\circ}K$ and $310 ^{\circ}K$?

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61#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What is the maximum theoretical j) 6wyu-yol27ssr 1re efficiency possible for an engine operating between l-r 2 6y7yseosw)jur1$100 ^{\circ}C$ and $400 ^{\circ}C$?

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62#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The efficiency of a Carnot engine is 35.0%. What is the temperature 8. c(jpbtyc m, nf)(k3p*fbhsof the cold reservoir if the temperature of the hot reservoir isjf.)(p3* m ycfpskc nt,8hbb( $500 ^{\circ}K$?

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63#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine operati6a q7 dlk-iz6lng between $40 ^{\circ}C$ and $380 ^{\circ}C$ has an efficiency 60% of that of a Carnot engine operating between the same temperatures. If the engine absorbs heat at a rate of 60 kW, at what rate does it exhaust heat?

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64#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A refrigerator removes heat from the freezing compartment a h/-z6tbsa. uqt the rate of 20 kJ and ejects 24 kJ into a room perq /a.u6sbzt- h cycle. How much work is required in each cycle?

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65#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A refrigerator removes heat from the freez ,mr1skp*of y)ing compartment at the rate of 20 kJ and ejects 24 kJ into a ro 1f o)pmsr,*ykom per cycle. What is the coefficient of performance?

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66#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  During each cycle of operation, a rwje* scm, 1:us(ooi/6dn mb x+efrigerator absorbs 230 J of heat from the freezer and expels 356 J of heat to the room. How much work input is required in eams1w b,+ nu*:c os/ejmidxo 6(ch cycle?

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67#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What is the change in entropy when 50 g of ice mj *pwgn3kj.yq3 eyf :)/p7yuq elt at $0 ^{\circ}C$?

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68#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When 0.50 kg of ice freezes, the changp,8*0uj zs6 j rqpdmrmbr;s)2e in entropy is

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69#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  1.0 kg of steam at $100 ^{\circ}C$ condenses to water at $100 ^{\circ}C$. What is the change in entropy in the process?

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70#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A container of ideal gas at STP undergoes an isothermal expansion an r4 aois fg8j91rn9:l2-ar4hz2 utoj dd its entropy changror9 o 2dj h l8s1i:-ftauanr2j944gzes by
3.7 J/e K. How much work does it do?

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71#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A piece of metal at 1dkh7 dwur r2 t380s5eww2loc$80 ^{\circ}C$ is placed in 1.2 L of water at $72 ^{\circ}C$. The system is thermally isolated and reaches a final temperature of $75 ^{\circ}C$. Estimate the approximate change in entropy for this process.

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