Which term describes the splitting of water molecules in the presp6xbcp t(-p h;ence of light to prodtp-h6xc b p;p(uce electrons, hydrogen ions and oxygen molecules?

  Which of the following is involved in carbon 1uz) u6 z2waji8z4wmc.udo/ cfixation during photosynthesis?

  The diagram below shows an experiment i8t:b i)y o npz8rc6jb3nvestigating the effect of temperature on the rate of phoy8t6c ri b :bj83zop)ntosynthesis. Which of the following is not a method of keeping a controlled variable at a constant value throughout this particular experiment?

  What does X represent? zw2mdu(d+p xpsdc o+) .q2nk: ov0; hy

  The Hill reaction shows electron transfer in5 xbk:ucaj 6e+1tjzl3 isolated chloroplasts for the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis. 1jk:zcx6 a3ebt+jl5 u A blue dye, DCPIP (2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol) is used instead of the natural final electron acceptor. What is the final electron acceptor in photosynthesis?

  The micrograph below shows part of a chloroplast in a leaf.Whichx /z,:5rgus yp of the following structures are found in the part of a chloroplast labg:z/ 5,sux rypelled X?
I.Photosystem I
II.ATP Synthase
III.Ribosomes

  This graph shows the rate of photosynthesis at diffx0sn/ ukxl0z:erent temperatures.

What conclusion can be made?

  The graph shows the effect of lq7e37m2+8 lvikfp c)ora3 ydr ight intensity on the rate of photosynthesis.

What can be concluded from the results presented in this graph?

  The following processes occur in the yi9* v:ew 6. ib)usl4thsz hj2Calvin cycle.
I. Ribulose bisphosphate regeneration
II. Carbon dioxide fixation
III. Glycerate-3-phosphate is reduced to triose phosphate
Which is the incorrect sequence for these processes?

  Which of the following correctly shows whel/vdqwt (s-llm fi87+re chemiosmosis takes place in photosynthesis and aerobic cell resill tvms8-(+ qw/fl7 dpiration?

Coleus blumei is an attrawkv kc*a m9wv s1*;3 yf4exs2qctive houseplant with red leaves.

1.Determine with a reason whether or not this plant is still able to conduct photosynthesis with red leaves.
2.Red leaves absorb and reflect different coloured light than green leaves. Distinguish between red light and green light in the visible spectrum.
3.Outline how limiting factors affect the rate of photosynthesis.
4.Explain how oxygen produced during photosynthesis can be used during respiration

  What is the main source of hydrogen ions in the light-dependent reactions 8o l5dp,drw j2for photosynthesis?djp2 lw5o8d, r

  Which of the following correctly describes photosynthesis or respiratidsq mdrv4 duw3,(w. 2qon?

	Reaction	Products	Anabolic or Catabolic	Endothermic or Exothermic
A	Photosynthesis	Carbon dioxide, water	Catabolic	Exothermic
B	Respiration	Oxygen, glucose	Catabolic	Exothermic
C	Photosynthesis	Oxygen, glucose	Anabolic	Endothermic
D	Respiration	Carbon dioxide, water	Anabolic	Endothermic

  Which type of reaction is 1)clb,swypvs8 -+a fk2fu4p yoccurring in this light-independent reaction of photosynthesis? )- ,fu s sp1+ya8fcyb4wpkl2v

  Which structure of the chloroplast is most involved in t0rg).g9fxi d r97.yladnvxa , he production of reduced NADP ,9.xa yi0dfx l.9rrgn)d av7g and ATP?

The diagram shows the separation of photosyntheti(i9bhstm1rmo b6zmz(p(56h mc pigments using the thin-layer z 5b(hm(ti6z m9 bp6 hrom(sm1chromatography (TLC) technique in the solvent propanone.

1.Identify a pigment that is present in cabbage but not in spinach
2.Outline the method used to extract the pigments from the plant leaves.
3.1Outline what information the Rf value provides in this experiment.
2.Calculate the Rf value of Xanthophyll, showing your working.
4.Spinach also contains Lycopene, an orange/red pigment. Suggest why it is absent from the chromatogram.
5.Deduce, with a reason, what pigment X is.
6.Explain why the origin must be above the solvent at the start of the experiment.
7.Explain why it is important that the TLC plate is held by its edges when setting up this experiment.

In an investigation imam5l;)comw : ,7 6kr0wqv hzinto the impacts of climate change on the rate of photosynthesis, pondweed was placim60) qwwzo5:,lmv 7hkamcr; ed in a number of sealed conical flasks, each containing a solution of water and carbonic acid.

Each conical flask was placed in a water bath maintained at a constant temperature. At regular time intervals, samples of the solution were taken from each conical flask and measured using a pH probe.

The results are shown in the table.

1.1Identify the dependent and independent variables in this investigation.
1.2State one variable that must be kept constant in this investigation to ensure the results are valid.
2Describe the relationship between the temperature, time and pH of the solution.
3Predict the pH of the dilute carbonic acid solution at $40^{\circ}C$ after 60 minutes.1
4.1Calculate the rate of change in pH between 30 - 40 minutes and 40 - 50 minutes for the trial kept at $40^{\circ}C$.
4.2Suggest a reason for the difference in the rate of change you calculated in (i).
5.Suggest one improvement to the design of this experiment and state whether it would increase the accuracy or reliability of the results.

  Which visible spectrum represents the correct range of wavelengths of light thatmo4 z(hfb n5-hy3,mhy a4fhbnh ,3z(m-m5 yo hyre absorbed and reflected by chlorophyll for photosynthesis?

Photosynthesis is a process where carbon compounds are prc8sps/5iaa x0mzu 8 4toduced in the presence of ligh paxt8s5s8/ m0caui z4t.
1.Draw and label an action spectrum for photosynthesis in plants.
2.Outline how energy is used to produce glucose from carbon dioxide.
3.Describe an experiment investigating the effect of carbon dioxide concentration on the rate of photosynthesis.

  What is used to generate a proton grc 6 s+xr7 )ztut;hsrc6adient across the thylakoid membrane in the light-depenzcrhst r6)sxut ;+76cdent reactions of photosynthesis?

  What is the process that takes placl n7t+x6 3ryure before excited electrons are transferred from photosystem II to pho6r 7 u3ltxny+rtosystem I?

  In which structure of the chloroplast does ribulose bisphosphate undergo ca7:k18mqjln l nrboxyl:7mn1 j qll8knation?

  Which products are formu+o l7 b0ql6w*tjr/) cnx xm9oed at the end of the light-dependent and light-independenq0 xmubl/*+ono t j7cx)9l 6wrt reactions?

  Thin-layer chromatographyj/nng t(gxn/,+l hg n, can be used to separate photosynthetic pigments. Below is a, t/jn/ +g(xnl,nghgn diagram showing the separation of pigments in this way. Rf values are used to work out what pigments are present in the leaf extracts.
Which of the following are the measurements that need to be taken to calculate the Rf values?

The diagram below shows the ultrastructure of a chlorop .)c f co 5oapog9e,wm:ck/pi0last.

1.Identify the enzyme that catalyses the process of carbon fixation and is found at Y.
2.Deduce, with a reason, which structure of the chloroplast has the lowest pH value.
3.State the name of the structure found in chloroplasts that consists of stacks of fluid-filled sacs, which give the chloroplast a larger surface area for light absorption.
4.Describe the factors that would increase the number of starch grains in structure Y.
5.Distinguish between photosystem II and photosystem I.
6.Describe the process of photophosphorylation in photosynthesis.

  The graph shows the action spectrum for phot* 1x0qc i4v*ctrx dwl5ed. xw.osynthesis.

What can be directly inferred from the graph?

Photosynthesis and cellular respiration are enzyl hcx.t7q* *gbme-catalysed reactions.
1.Outline the role of carbon dioxide in photosynthesis.
2.Describe the technological advancements and experimental tools that were used in Calvin’s experiment on photosynthesis.
3.Compare and contrast the light-dependent and light-independent reactions.

  Carbon dioxide enrichment experiments are used u 8h j,8vqqne9uh1.ac,xzj 3ato predict future rates of photosynthxzvhjc8 e, nh318,ujq qaa.u 9esis and plant growth. Which of the following is an advantage of enclosed greenhouse experiments over free-air carbon dioxide experiments (FACE) experiments, when conducting carbon dioxide enrichment experiments?

  In algae, what is the role of carbon diox* skht0s g/.fpb5p2p2 gmmk n-1nlw2aide in photosystem II, and what form is512gs.n k *mg mkl0pw/sn2t ahfp2-bp it found in?

  What were the results obtained from the lollipop experiment that5x0 :, 5mtsbb jn6junj enabled Calvin to determine thu:nj n tx5,jjs65b0bm e order of the light-independent reactions of photosynthesis?