What provides evidence that all life on Earth evolved from the same pz)ma3mud 8u tttd)b)4 yjje0/opulation of cel)3y ajm0ujem4)z dtdt8u /b)tls?

  Identify the correct rogu5* -e v yvamz5e)-lwlul./z w in the table regarding the formation of vesicles.

  Whose experiments disproved s. :i(2dsd7v9gbfiso( hzgj- dpontaneous generation?

  Which type of isotopes q t8moib*v :)fare commonly used in absolute dating of fossils?

  Which of the following statements aregg5 (y7 7h1af1viya po reasons that RNA is believed to be the first a yfgo(5gp17h1ai vy7genetic material?
I. RNA can form spontaneously when nucleotides are present
II. RNA contains ribose as its sugar
III. Miller demonstrated that organic molecules could be produced from a mixture of gases under conditions that simulated early Earth

The diagram below shows the apparatus used in the ex))w rm4ukvmwp7uk 4712 mz apcperiments conducted by Miller and Urey.7m)c k mku4u1ap27r)z4wmw vp


Describe how this experiment showed that the origin of life was possible on early Earth.

  In the early 19th century, vitalism was a widely accepted theory. This th zr219 bmhw)8 18j(wd lfkt .glkhw6hieory suggested that organic compounds, those found in living organisms, could only be produced through a "vital force" present inhm) .1j (kwfhi9lrzw1h8 wdt6l2 b8kg living matter.

What was the role of urea in falsifying the theory of vitalism?

  Which of the following is not evidence to support that the last unxs0y cd3qn85 biversal common anqscdx53by 08ncestor (LUCA) could have emerged at hydrothermal vents?

Researchers carried out a similar experiment to Louis Pasteur j3 n +p.urxnuwoo*jeay b74l*wl7:f1’s famous experiment disproving spontaneous generation, using the set up beloowfly ae :r +1jnu.o*lu3 bpn7 *4j7xww at 30°C.



1.Outline the theory of spontaneous generation.

2.1.State two variables that must be controlled in this experiment.

2.2.Explain why it is important to have controlled variables in this study.

3.1.State the letters of three flasks which would show signs of decomposition of broth.

3.2.Explain your answer to part (i).

4.Suggest, with reasons, how the results of the study would differ if the flasks were incubated at 4°C.

  Louis Pasteur's famous *i0s 96njaukaexperiments disproving spontaneous generation were replicated by placis k6a juia*09nng broth into various flasks.

Which two flasks would show the presence of microorganisms in the results?

Below is a diagram of Euglenarc lzspv,7e 5)v1enlx)sd36p a photosynthetic protist. It is a living cell which can carry out all the fu ds)l,65zpe7xn vps3)ec l1vrnctions of life.

1.1.State which function of life the flagellum is adapted for.

1.2.State which function of life is enabled by the contractile vacuole.

2.Outline why viruses are not regarded as living organisms.

3.State two main principles of the cell theory

4.Explain how the properties of phospholipids mean they naturally form vesicles when in aqueous solution.

5.Explain how the formation of vesicles was important in the evolution of cells.